Bipolar Disorder And Its Effects On Children - 2651 Words

Abstract Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder which unfortunately affects many individuals, causing unusual shifts in behaviors and moods, alterations in energy and activity levels, as well as dysfunction in the ability to perform day-to-day activities. This disorder can even be the cause of many broken relationships and the development of other mental health illnesses. In the literature review provided, the writer will explore Bipolar Disorder as a mental illness, specifically diagnosed in adults. The paper will entail information regarding contributing factors of the illness, treatment options and therapeutic models to treat the disorder, and will discuss the effects on children of parents with bipolar disorder. Additionally, the writer will reflect on a certain gap in current and past research and will provide a discussion of implications for future social work practice with this specific population. Keywords: bipolar disorder, manic-depressive illness, brain disorder, bipolar affect ive disorder, affective psychosis, hypomania Literature Review: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder impacts roughly 5.7 million adults in the United States (DBSA, 2000). This illness causes individuals to experience drastic spikes and shifts in their mood. There are stages where people may feel a sense of isolation or hopelessness, which is often referred to as a â€Å"depressive episode† (NIMH, 2011). The other peak stage those with bipolar disorder may experience is anShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On Children1247 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder or manic-depressive illness is a brain disorder that can affect one’s mood and ability to complete tasks. Bipolar disorder in children is under studied for many reasons. These include, lack of awareness and the difference in the disease seen in adults and children that can make it difficult to continue studies. Bipolar disorder has not been well studied despite harmful effects on growth and development in a child. As the child grows up, bipolar disorder mayRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effect On Children3715 Words   |  15 Pages Bipolar disorder is typically a condition that affects people in their late teens and early adulthood. It is usually not thought to affect a child but it is something that, if present at a young age, can seriously affect the way a child grows up. Bipolar disorder affects every aspect of a person’s life and is not as understood as it should be. Researchers are still looking for the cause of this illness and how it can be treated but overall it is a condition that many people are undereducated onRead MoreThe Effects of Bipolar Disorder on Children and Their Families1778 Words   |  8 Pagesand these mood changes have been identified as disorders. One example, bipolar disorder is perhaps one of the oldest known diseases. It has grown into one of the most common illnesses that people of every age, culture, and gender must deal with on an everyday basis. In recent times bipolar disorder has become quite prevalent in children and adolescents causing and increased concern and inter est in this area. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder, characterized by recurrent manic or hypomanicRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Bipolar Disorder On The Development Of Children Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Parental Bipolar Disorder on the Development of Children According to a study conducted by Diler et al. (2011), the children of parents with bipolar disorder are the most at risk for developing bipolar disorder and other psychiatric mood disorders. Parents and caregivers with bipolar disorder represent a unique factor that may alter healthy emotional and behavioral development of children. As bipolar disorder is a neurological disorder that causes drastic shifts in mood, abruptRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On The Human Mind987 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness that has many effects on the human body and mind. It’s found in young adults and children as well. Statistics show that the disorder affects about four million people in the United States and is becoming one of the most common disabilities in the United States today. People with bipolar disorder undergo two types of mood swings: depression and mania. Those two are then divided into subcategories: Bipolar 1 Disorder, Bipolar 2 Disorder , and Cylothymia. This paperRead MoreThe Relationship Between Bipolar Disorders And Emotion1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Relationship Between Bipolar Disorders and Emotion Bipolar Disorder is a common topic talked about in society. Bipolar Disorder is associated with many symptoms that have an effect on the body. According to Facts (1998) at least two million Americans suffer from bipolar disorders. Sufferers that have bipolar disorders may have visited many doctors and spend at least 8 years or more with their doctor in order to receive the correct treatment for their disorder (Facts 1998). This paper will analyzeRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1572 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Bipolar disorder has had a large history full of misunderstandings, wrongful treatments and stigma surrounding the illness. Bipolar, formerly called manic depression causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression). (Mayo 1998) When you become depressed you may feel sad, vulnerable and anxious. When you experience mania you will become overly joyful or full of energy, making the crash back to depression that much harder. According to A ShortRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Psychological Disorder1293 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar disorder is a psychological disorder in which a person alternates between being depressed to extremely happy and being cross or irritable. Bipolar disorder is also known manic-depressive illness. Bipolar disorder can cause shifts in energy, mood and activity level. This disorder can cause damage up to many things like relationships, jobs, school performance and even suicide. There are many treatments to bipolar disorder for those that have or are being affected. Bipolar Disorder BipolarRead MoreEarly Onset Of The Disorder952 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar, or manic-depression, is a mood disorder that is typically diagnosed during mid teenage years to early adulthood. Many people believe that mid teen years are the earliest a diagnosis can be made, however the disorder can be diagnosed in early childhood. Early onset of the disorder is often much more severe, and is harder to treat. The possible causes for early onset are similar to those of late onset. Symptoms are also similar, however those in early onset can be more serious. DiagnosisRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment854 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical condition known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is when a person suffers from severe shifts in mood and energy. In most cases, bipolar disorder can be treated and people with the illness can live normal and productive lives with the help of medication and or therapy. Aiken, C. (2010). Family Experiences of Bipolar Disorder: The Ups, the Downs and the Bits in Between. Retrieved from Ebsco Host. In this book the author discusses her own dealings with Bipolar Disorder. She goes on to say how

Poverty Is The Most Far Reaching Social Problem - 847 Words

Poverty is the most far reaching social problem that the population of the world faces today. Poverty does not discriminate against race or age. History has show that even social classes living above the poverty line are not safe from the treat of poverty(Meissnerd). A social problem is defined as a condition that undermines the well-being of some or all members of a society and is usually a matter of public controversy(Macionis).† Poverty is defined as the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions (Merriam-Webster). Poverty can cause the wellbeing of children and adults to suffer from lack of necessities and comforts. We will look in depth at the how poverty has been defined, perceived, socially constructed, and shaped by claims making on the national, state and local level. We will also consider how this condition has been approached by sociology, viewed politically, and dealt with through government policy (Robinson). Poverty in the United States In America, 15% of the population lives under the poverty line. The poverty line is a calculated amount that an individual or family should make to maintain housing, food and basic necessities; the poverty line is used by the government to track the poor (Macionis). About 20% of those under the poverty level, which is 5% of the total population, would be considered living in deep poverty with a large poverty gap. When families or individuals fit into the category of deepShow MoreRelatedSolving Poverty : A Widespread Disease930 Words   |  4 PagesRavi Parashar Ms. Thompson AP Lang 1B March 12, 2014 Final Draft Steps to Solving Poverty Poverty is a widespread disease, afflicting about 3 billion people around the world, that can be cured by taking effective measures. However, it seems incurable by the sheer amount of people affected by it and the convoluted, multifaceted reasons it is caused. This horrible affliction has perhaps hit developing countries the hardest, where around 98% of the undernourished children reside, creating an atmosphereRead MoreSolutions to Poverty Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is a major problem in the United States today. Social, economical, political, and cultural factors all contribute to poverty. Education and economic development are two major issues that will help prevent poverty. The United States Census Bureau defines poverty as an economic condition in which people lack sufficient income to obtain basic needs for food, housing, clothing, health services and education. In other words, poverty is powerlessness, a lack of representation and freedom. PovertyRead MoreThe Relat ionship between Poverty and Crime879 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Poverty and the relationship it has to crime is a long standing sociological, humanists and historical phenomenon. From the plight of the third world to the violence soaked inner city streets of the 1980’s, the relationship of crime and poverty has been the source of a great deal of social commentary. In societies throughout the world and throughout history there has always been a traditional measure of deviance through relative income gaps. Both poverty and crime as well as theirRead MoreChapter Five Of The United Nations Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesinternational security and global poverty1†. Both war prevention and economic development are extremely important to the United Nations (UN). It s charter specifically includes the goals, â€Å"save succeeding generations from the scourge of war† and â€Å"promote social progress and better standards of life2†. Therefore, since the formation of the UN, it has worked in a variety of ways to achieve those to aspects. Some of the projects and methods the United Nations has taken on in order to achieve these goals haveRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Society1557 Words   |  7 Pagesevels of inequality that construe the modern world. A girl born in California will most certainly live to old age; However if she is born in West Africa, she has a one in four chance of dying before her 5th birthday. These discouraging truths envelope our everyday realities, and the single most poignant factor is poverty; which is arguably the most far-reaching, long-standing cause of chronic suffering there is. Poverty is a severely embedded wound that infiltrates every aspect of culture and societyRead MoreEssay about Social Work and Child Development1704 Words   |  7 Pagesof development. Infancy by all standards is when the individual is most vulnerable physically. Infants are totally dependent for every need to be fulfilled by another. It is during this time that attachment begins to form and learning from others and the environment begins. As with every stage of development, risks factors exist and need to be acknowledged, by doing this, possible interventions can be put in place or social programs offered to address how to minimize these factors to give theRead MoreEfficient Credit Market in the Rural Areas of Deveoping Countries1628 Words   |  7 Pagesprevious century saw an enormous boom in these microcredit activities with more and more institutions coming in to the picture reaching towards a large number of poor borrowers. While this phenomena has certainly improved the investment capacity of the borrowers, the academic debate on microcredits influence in protecting poor people from risk and poverty alleviation is far from over. Apart from the fact that researchers has questioned microcredits as a means of consumption smoothing rather thanRead MorePoverty, Discrimination, And Corruption1504 Words   |  7 PagesSocial problems are inevitable in every community. However, programs and challenges designed to cater to these social issues remain few. Consequently, it is important to step up and use the resources available to address pressing social problems such as poverty, discrimination, and corruption. Poverty is especially a common issue that occurs in this society. Unfortunately, its impact is often ignored. Especially, in the current social attitude that each should fight to find their way is society.Read MoreEssay on liberalism958 Words   |  4 Pages There is no guessing where the oligarchs stand. quot;All power and wealth to the oligarchyquot; is their motto. Those existing in the lower ranks of poverty are of no concern to the upper class, exploiting other members of society are what they do best. The tory we find at the other end of the scale. In tory society tradition rules; taking the groups well being rather than the individual is primary. Somewhere in the middle we have the liberals (some bleeding hearts, some not so much). ReasonRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1306 Words   |  6 PagesConditions of birth and people’s growth, lifestyles, occupations and age strongly influence their health. This essay focuses on children between the ages of zero to 19 and examines what the social determinants of health are. Firstly, it attempts to analyse poverty, family violence, addiction and the impacts on the health of younger New Zealanders who are exposed to those determinants. Secondly, strategies, initiatives and prevention services are identified at national, regional and local levels to

The Inequality Of Income Inequality Essay - 1507 Words

Within the United States, a multitude of Americans live in poverty, actually, according to the Census Bureau in 2010, â€Å"there were 42 million poor people in the United States,† and a large portion of those who reside in the middle class are approaching the poverty line, thus, augmenting the amount of people who live in the lower class. As a result of this occurrence, income inequality has become a paramount topic in recent times, especially in the 2016 election. In addition of politicians and other government members discussing this gargantuan issue, professors, journalists, and others have written about this topic to inform the populace about income inequality, and provided ways to fix the issue. The authors Robert B. Reich, Gregory Mantsios, Alan Ajas, Daniel Bustillo, William Darity Jr., and Darrick Hamilton are experts within the field of economics and labor; however, all of these writers are people from different backgrounds, such as Robert B. Reich, who was the Secre tary of Labor under President William J. Clinton, and Alan Ajas, who is a professor at Brooklyn College. Although these authors write about income inequality and its causes in the United States, each of the three essays written have a unique focus to each of them, a unique style they are written, and unique solutions to the problem plaguing the U.S. In Class in America -- 2012, which was written by Gregory Mantsios, Mantsios differentiates between the myths perpetuated by American society and theShow MoreRelatedThe Inequality Of Income Inequality Essay2206 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Æ' Abstract: One of the social issues concerning power, status, and class in American society today is income inequality. The income gap between the social classes has increased drastically throughout the last few decades, creating a significant gap between the wealthy and the poor. This gap has become so large that the middle class has nearly diminished, creating a social class comprised of the rich and the poor. The significant gap between the two social classes is unhealthy for the economy becauseRead MoreThe Inequality Of Income Inequality1229 Words   |  5 PagesIncome Inequality Income inequality has been a major concern around the world, and it mainly links to how economic metrics are distributed among individuals in a country. Economists generally categorise these metrics in wealth, income and consumption. Wilkinson and Picket (2009) showed in their studies that inequality has drawbacks that lead to social problems. This is because income inequality and wealth concentration can hinder or delay long term growth. In 2011, International Monetary Fund economistsRead MoreIncome Inequality861 Words   |  4 Pages Income inequality has been a major issue in American history. There are many different factors that contribute to inequality. These include education, wealth, discrimination, ability, and monopoly power. Education and wealth have a big impact on income inequality. Education and wealth go hand in hand when talking about income inequality. When a family is more wealthy, they can afford a better education. One article from ACE states that â€Å"currently in America, getting a postsecondary degree—inRead MoreIncome Inequality3032 Words   |  13 PagesIncome inequality Name Date Abstract In any given population, there is a difference between what people within the population earn. The uneven distribution of income in any given population is income inequality. In order for there to be income, there has to be several sources of income. These sources of income may be combinational or independent per person receiving the income. Income may result from wages, rent, bank account interests, salaries or even profits made in business transactionsRead MoreInequality And Inequality Of Income Distribution988 Words   |  4 PagesInequality of Income Distribution in the United States Today, the average income of the richest 10% is 14 times that of the poorest 10% in the United States. Famous economist Milton Friedman argues that this inequality gap would eventually spur people to work harder and boost productivity. Others, who are not that optimistic, argue that the income inequality leads to a growing level of inequality of opportunity. For that reason, six in 10 Americans now say that only a few people at the top have anRead MoreIncome Inequality781 Words   |  4 PagesIn Income Inequality: Too Big to Ignore, Robert H. Frank paints a picture to the reader about the struggles of pier pressure. For example: an upper-classmen chooses to buy a big house and fancy clothing. This acts as a â€Å"frame of reference† to the changes and norms of the society. If he spends money on something nice, a middle-classmen will then go and decide to do the same thing, and then a lower-classmen†¦all the way down the social hierarchy. This is what he calls an â€Å"e xpenditure cascade.† RobertRead MorePoverty Inequality : Poverty And Income Inequality1526 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty Income Inequality How do we balance the assistance we give the poor but do not discourage work? The labor markets which determine how much workers are paid do not take into consideration how much a family really requires to pay for all expenses like health care, clothes, food, housing, and transportation. The labor markets actually create inequalities of income and as a result create issues leading to poverty. Poverty is measured by the U.S. Census Bureau as a direct result of the OfficeRead MoreDiscussion Around Inequality Of Income Inequality Essay2237 Words   |  9 PagesDiscussion around inequality of income was considered taboo at one point in America’s history. Today, disparity is an important topic in politics and daily life. Financial factors are not the sole problem contributing to the proposed lag in transition time from childhood to adulthood. The literature poses a variety of problems for society and individuals affected by various disparities. Sarah Burd-Sharps and Kristen Lewis, both producers of works in popular media outlets who co-direct a group calledRead MoreCauses Of Income Inequality999 Words   |  4 PagesIncome inequality has affected American citizens ever since the American Dream came to existence. The American Dream is centered around the concept of working hard and earning enough money to support a family, own a home, send children to college, and invest for retirement. Economic gains in income are one of the only possible ways to achieve enough wealth to fulfill the dream. Unfortunately, many people cannot achieve this dream due to low income. Income inequality refers to the uneven distributionRead MoreIncome Inequality And Poverty989 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Income inequality has no necessary connection with poverty, the lack of material resources for a decent life, such as adequate food, shelter, and clothing. A society with great income inequality may have no poor people, and a society with no income inequality may have nothing but poor people† - Robert Higgs. When people think of income inequality they picture poverty and people not having basic necessities. However income inequality is not just a connection to the poor. Income inequality is strongly

Global Warming Extreme Weather - 2429 Words

Global Warming: Extreme Weather Seasonal Mismatching Recent climate modeling results indicate that extreme weather events may become more common. Rising average temperatures produce a more variable climate system. Carbon dioxide from cars, industries and power plants trap heat near the earth s surface. More heat means more energy. Adding more energy to the atmosphere creates the potential for more extremes. Climatologists say extreme weather events will become more common as our climate heats up. The gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants is known as Global Warming. The greenhouse effect is when the Earth s atmosphere becomes thick with gases, such as Carbon dioxide, and substances which trap the sun s radiation, making the Earth warmer. The extreme weather is leading to climate changes which are resulting in seasonal mi smatching. The Earth s seasons have shifted back in the calendar year, with the hottest and coldest days of the years now occurring almost two days earlier. Temperatures over land in the 100-year period between 1850 and 1950 showed a simple, natural pattern of variability, with the hottest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere landing around July 21. But from the mid-1950s onward (the period when global average temperatures began to rise), the hottest day came 1.7 days earlier.Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Global Warming On The Earth900 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: The Impact of Global Warming Purpose Statement: To inform my audience about how global warming is impacting the earth. Central Idea: Data shows that all throughout history, the temperature of our planet has changed over and over again for natural reasons. Holli Riebeek, education and outreach specialist at NASA, stated that these changes are due to small shifts in the Earth’s orbit and the Sun’s energy levels varying throughout time. Today, unfortunately, with the average temperature of theRead MoreGlobal Warming : A Climate Change883 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal warming is what happens when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth out towards space. Carbon dioxide, methane, and greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere keep heat from escaping. As a result of global warming, the Earth endures extreme weather events, a hazardous rise in sea levels, and life-threatening shifts in the world s ecosystem. One result of global warming is that the earth undergoes extreme weather events. By definition, climate is the long-term average of weather overRead MoreGlobal Warming Is The Biggest Threat Facing The Country988 Words   |  4 Pagesmentioned that global warming is one of the urgent and growing threat to â€Å"national security†(Nakamura, 2015, para 1). Presidential contender/Senator/ Bernie Sanders also pointed out that â€Å"global warming, not terrorism or nuclear weapon proliferation or chinese hacking, is the biggest threat facing the country†(Follett, 2015, para 1). Global warming contribute to the death of 400,000 people a year and costing the world more than $1.2 trillion, which is about 1.6% of the annual global GDP (Harvey, 2012Read MoreGlobal Warming : We Are All At Risk1555 Words   |  7 Pagesmankind is global warming. More than 97 perecent of the world scientists believed that human activities mainly the burning of fossil fuel caused global warming. Exa cerbated by global warming, the occurrence of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, rising sea level, floods,and heatwaves are becoming more frequent and sever. In the past two decades global warming induced extreme weather affected almost half of the world population. The scientific evidence is now clear that global warmingRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Global Warming656 Words   |  3 PagesGlobal Warming is a condition caused by greenhouse gases and human activities. The increased concentration of greenhouse gases due to activities such as deforestation and fossil fuel burning is causing the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans to warm up. As a result of this, global warming has some serious effects in the shape of extreme weather, species extinctions, and rising sea levels. These effects can contribute to the changes that are taking place all over the world, most of which are dangerous enoughRead MoreThe Potential Relationship Between Human Activity and Clima te Change1348 Words   |  6 PagesThe Potential Relationship Between Human Activity and Climate Change The idea of global warming has been around for over one hundred years, but in recent decades climate change has become a serious threat to national security. To better understand, global warming is defined as the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earths atmosphere, generally recognized as the greenhouse effect, and is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants, also known as greenhouseRead MoreInformative Speech Outline Global Warming Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Global Warming Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about three issues of how global warming is affecting our weather, animals, and our future. Thesis: According to National Geographic Average temperatures have climbed 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit around the world since 1880 and by 2050, rising temperatures could send more than a million of Earths land-dwelling plants and animals down the road to extinction. Introduction I. Open with Impact: Is the climate warming? The impacts of globalRead MoreClimate Change : Global Air Temperatures1607 Words   |  7 Pageschanges will have an enormous impact on our planet’s people, ecosystems, cities, and energy use. Average global air temperatures are already roughly 1.5 degrees higher than they were at the start of the 20th century, and â€Å"have risen about 1 degree over just the last 30 years,† According to the New England aquarium. Climate change can best be described as the long-term change in average weather conditions, including temperature, precipitation and wind. According to the United Nations IntergovernmentalRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Major Problem842 Words   |  4 PagesSalvador Macias Mrs.Gallos English 3 4-16-2015 Global Warming Global Warming is a major problem that needs to be addressed. Its impacts are already costly and significant and is just the beginning of a dangerous trend. The impact of global warming or the more trending term â€Å"climate change† affects not only yourself but the entire world. â€Å"The earth is saying something with record heat, drought, storms and fire. Scientists are telling us this is what global warming looks like. It s time to listen – and takeRead MoreGlobal Warming A Hoax?935 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Warming a Hoax? Have you ever had second thoughts about the possible outcome of an action, or who you could possibly be harming? Is it even possible for extreme weather to be caused by something as simple as driving your vehicle? There are many organizations that continue to make accusations that our actions are directly related to climate change. As we move into the future, more and more data is being released showing how the worlds pollution is affecting the climate. This doesn t come

Case Study Diverticular Disease Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(47) " history of lung malignant neoplastic disease\." The big bowel is about 1.5m in length and is made up of 4 chief parts the cecum, go uping colon, transverse colon, falling colon, sigmoid colon and the rectum. Its chief map is to transport waste out of the organic structure and to absorb H2O from the waste before it leaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study Diverticular Disease Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is made up of three beds, the outermost bed muscularis, in-between bed the mucous membrane and innermost layer the mucous membrane. The mucous membrane is where all the re-absorption takes topographic point whilst the muscularis is responsible for peristaltic motions. Diverticular disease is most common in the sigmoid colon part. A diverticulum ( diverticulosis ) is a pouch like pouch which is formed from the mucous membrane and undertakings through the colon wall. This happens as a consequence of there being a failing in the wall and at many diverticula can show at any one clip. They are besides vascular and have a rich blood supply. A failing in the wall can so be accompanied by an addition in force per unit area of the intestine due to the patient going constipated. If there is a deficiency of fiber and H2O in the diet the stools become dry and little, and the enteric musculuss must contract with greater force to go through the stools along, bring forthing a higher force per u nit area in the big bowels. The extra force per unit area leads to weak musca volitanss in the colon walls that finally pouch out and organize pouches called diverticula. Most frequently, the pouches signifier in the sigmoid colon, which is the lower left portion of the colon that connects to the rectum. This country of the colon is capable to the highest sum of force per unit area because it is the narrowest part of the big bowel ( E Health MD ) . Diverticula vary in size but tend to be between 5 -10mm and in extremes instances can make up to 20mm ( WGO ) . Diverticulitis is a status in which diverticuli in the colon rupture. The rupture consequences in infection in the tissues that surround the colon ( Medicinenet.com ) . Diverticular disease is many symptomless as mentioned earlier and many people who have it are non ever aware that they have the status. Many patients experience symptoms similar to cranky intestine syndrome and complain of bloating and hurting in the lower left abdominal part. One of the most common causes of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage is due to diverticular disease shed blooding which can happen because of the cutting of the bowel wall. The hemorrhage is by and large painless but does affect big volumes of blood ( Gastrointestinalatlas ) . Case survey I have chosen my instance survey to be on a 45 twelvemonth old male who I will mention to as Mr X. I will be discoursing the patients chief symptoms, associated medical history, household history, trials and intervention of jobs found. Mr X visited his G.P in January 2010 complaining of a crampy hurting over the left iliac pit. He besides complained of bloating and had non opened his bowels decently for a hebdomad. Mr X told the G.P that he had noticed a alteration in his intestine wont over the last 2 months and was sing episodes of irregularity which would be followed by short episodes of diarrhoea. He had besides noticed a alteration in the visual aspect of his stool explicating that they appeared to be smaller and had a pellet like visual aspect. Coloring material of his stool was described as being normal but he would detect a little darkish visual aspect every now and once more. No history of emesis and he was eating and imbibing usually with the exclusion of sing a bloating esthesis after a repast. He besides complained of experiencing unenrgetic and did n’t experience rather every bit active as he was earlier. Mr X ‘s critical marks were recorded BP 145/86, PR 88 and temperature 37.5. Apart for being somewhat pyrexic vital organs marks were normal for this patient. On scrutiny Mr X was found to be rather stamp in the lower left of his venters and on percussion there were obvious marks of difficult stool. Initial diagnosing made by the G.P was cranky intestine syndrome and irregularity caused by a hapless diet. The G.P expressed concern about Mr X complaining of his stool looking dark on a few occasions. The G.P advised the patient to imbibe plentifulness of H2O, addition fiber in his diet and to get down exerting on a regular basis to seek and convey his weight down. Mr X was given lactulose solution for his irregularity to be taken twice daily. The G.P asked the patient for a blood sample to govern out the possibility of anemia. Mr X was told a dark visual aspect of the stool may bespeak an upper G.I bleed due to an ulcer but could besides be due to nutrient he had eaten. The fact that Mr X had a history of suspension hernia meant that it should be investigated. Mr X was asked to come back and see the G.P in a hebdomad ‘s clip. Mr X has a history of high blood pressure and lower back hurting. He smokes 20 coffin nails a twenty-four hours and consumes 20 units of intoxicant a hebdomad. He is considered to be over weight at 18 rock and does non exert on a regular basis. His diet consists chiefly of saturated nutrient ; he enjoys microwave repasts and chows fast nutrient on a regular basis. Mr X works a security guard in the retail industry and works long displacements. He is married and has four kids. He is on Altace and lipid-lowering medicines for his high blood pressure and 20mg ezomeprazole for his suspension hernia. His male parent passed off from prostatic malignant neoplastic disease at the age of 78 and his female parent has history of lung malignant neoplastic disease. You read "Case Study Diverticular Disease Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Mr X has taken over the counter medicines to seek and alleviate his irregularity with small consequence. He suffers with a moderate sum of emphasis and anxiousness due to his fiscal state of affairs but has no jobs go throughing piss. He has no loss of appetency and says he normally gets a good dark slumber. Apart from the job he is kicking of there is no other associated ailments. Mr X returned to his G.P a hebdomad after his first audience and was still kicking of the same job. The lactulose had small consequence but he still felt hurting and was stamp over his left iliac pit. An internal scrutiny concluded his stool still felt difficult. His observations were still reasonably much the same and his blood trial for anemia came back as normal. The G.P decided to mention Mr X for farther trials to set up the exact cause of Mr X ‘s symptoms. Diagnostic Modalities Once the G.P had refereed patients with symptoms similar to Mr X is common for them to hold a big intestine scrutiny called Barium clyster. The patient is asked non to eat any solids 24 hours prior to the process and is given strong laxatives called picolax to take ( London xray.com ) . With the usage of X raies the doctor runs Ba into the patient ‘s intestine through a catheter surfacing the liner of the intestine. The intestine is distended utilizing an inflating balloon and the patient is so moved about in different places whilst a series of images are taken. The Ba is radiopaque which shows up the features of the intestine rather nicely. This type of scrutiny is besides peculiarly utile in governing out other possible causes of the symptoms the patient has such as Crohn ‘s disease or even a carcinoma. Barium enemas attractively demonstrate diverticula and the mucous membrane of the big intestine. Below is an image taken from a Ba survey showing diverticular disease? A chiseled diverticulum can be seen in the Centre of the image. Figure 1 Library image Other modes can be used to name diverticular disease such as colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy but Ba enemas seem to be the preferable pick of doctors. In an article called Barium clyster versus colonoscopy the usage of these Scopess is compared to barium clyster and the advantage and disadvantages are mentioned. A colonoscopy and sigmoidoscppy is clip devouring and is really seldom completed under an hr. It can turn out rather painful for patients and sedation is required for the process. It is a desirable method for patients who complain of chronic hemorrhage which is overseen by Ba clyster. Barium clyster are normally painless ; no sedation is required and is completed normally within 10-15 proceedingss. A gastroscopy is a trial where the physician looks into the upper portion of the GI piece of land by infixing a thin flexible telescope called an endoscope down the gorge. The upper intestine consists of the gorge, tummy and duodenum. Gastroscopy is normally done as a twenty-four hours instance. The doctor may blunt the dorsum of your pharynx by spraying on some local anesthetic. The patient can besides be given a ataractic if preferred. The tip of the endoscope contains a visible radiation and a bantam camera which allows the doctor to see inside the G.I piece of land. The endoscope besides has a side channel which enables the doctor to go through assorted instruments which can be manipulated by the doctor for illustration to take biopsies. ( patient.co.uk ) . this process is a coveted manner of diagnosing Oesophagitis, Duodenal or tummy ulcers and gastritis. Figure 2 below shows a bleeding duodenal ulcer. Figure 2 ( image hkmas.org ) If the patient complains of dark stool so there is a high possibility of there being a duodenal bleed or a bleed from the upper G.I piece of land. ( medlineplus ) Discussion As mentioned before most of the instances of diverticular disease be given to be symptomless unless patients start to see alteration in there bowel wont. Normal stools which are big and soft theodolite rather easy and on a regular basis. A survey published in the Lancet volume 313 studies the prevalence of symptom less diverticular disease of the colon is related to the ingestion of dietetic fiber in vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Vegetarians had a significantly higher average fibers intake ( 41AÂ ·5 g/day ) than non-vegetarians ( 21AÂ ·4 g/day ) . Diverticular disease was commoner in non-vegetarians ( 33 % ) than in vegetarians ( 12 % ) . Comparison of topics with and without diverticular disease in the vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups provided some farther grounds that a low consumption of cereal fiber is associated with the presence of diverticular disease. These figures clearly show that a fibre deficient diet is linked to diverticular disease. Surveies show low fiber in the diet makes the stool harder and smaller doing irregularity, nevertheless a survey published in the British medical diary suggests every bit good as alleviating the symptoms of diverticular disease a high-fibre diet may besides forestall the status from developing. Forty patients with diverticular disease treated with wheat bran 24g/day for at least six months. Thirty-three patients showed a really satisfactory clinical response. Sixty per cent of all symptoms were abolished, and a farther 28 % were relieved. After intervention the theodolite times accelerated in patients whose initial times were slower than 60 hours and slowed down in those whose initial theodolite times were faster than 36 hours. Stool weight increased significantly. The figure of intracolonic high force per unit area moving ridges decreased, particularly during and after eating. Once once more overpowering grounds proposing a high consumption of fiber is indispensable to avoid develop ing the disease. The Journal of clinical gastroenterology hypothesises that fibre lack non merely leads to diverticula formation but besides causes a alteration in the micro ecology which consequences in reduced colon immune response and permits a low-grade chronic inflammatory procedure that precedes a matured ague diverticulitis. However the hypothesis goes on to state that complications do non happen until there is micro-perforation through the wall of the diverticulum into the pericolic tissue which would take to abscesses and fistulous witherss being formed. In some instances, perforation of diverticulum becomes an acute medical exigency and requires immediate intercession. The mortality rate can be every bit high as 35 % ( Porrett A ; Daniel 1999 ) . Treatment for diverticular disease does non be as such. Educating the patients about the possible hazards of a hapless diet is overriding. Physicians should promote patients to eat a diet high in fruit and veggies, with at least 2 liters of H2O a twenty-four hours. Patients should be encouraged exercising on a regular basis and to describe any reoccurrence of symptoms or rectal hemorrhage. Reoccurring symptoms or rectal hemorrhage will necessitate a referral for trials. Some people live with chronic diverticular disease or IBS, which is closely related to diverticular disease. These people are advised to avoid cut down fatty nutrients and to avoid drinks incorporating caffeine and intoxicant ( WebMD ) . Treatment for acute diverticulitis requires an exigency colcetomy. In the yesteryear this type of surgery for diverticulitis was ever done as an unfastened process in which a big scratch was made in the venters. But as laparoscopic surgery has become more popular, more sawboness are now utilizing this method for acute exigencies ( WebMD2 ) . Result Mr X was referred to the infirmary for a Ba clyster and gastroendoscopy due to him holding a history of a suspension hernia. The Ba clyster showed that Mr X had diverticulosis in his sigmoid colon. The adviser advised anti-spasmodic drugs for abdominal hurting in his study but suggested there was n’t any demand for surgery. No other pathology was observed on the images. The images taken from the Gastroendoscopy showed no important pathology. There were some indicants of redness at the lower terminal of the oesophagus proposing mild esophagitis. It was advised to increase the dosage of esomperzole from 20mg to 40mg if the patient presented with farther symptoms of indigestion. No marks of shed blooding or ulcers were observed. Since holding these trials Mr X has been sing the pattern dietician one time every two hebdomads. He has been given a diet to follow and his aim is to lose weight and eat a balanced diet. After talking to Mr X he tells me that he is eating plentifulness of fruit and veggies and wheaten staff of life. He had increased his fibre consumption and is besides imbibing plentifulness of H2O. He has noticed that he is non acquiring constipated every bit much as he used to be and opens his bowels more often. He has taken out a gym rank and has lost half a rock. Mr X will likely hold diverticular disease for the remainder of his life but every bit long as he lives by his new life style he will be able to command his symptoms and live a normal healthy life. A How to cite Case Study Diverticular Disease Health And Social Care Essay, Free Case study samples

Case of Eon Financial Services and Brian - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1.Whether Brian and Ros can take action undertortof negligence forinjurythey suffered in the house? 2.Whether Eon Financial Services own any duty of Care towardspaul? Answers: Answer 1 Issue: Whether Brian and Ros can take action under the tort of negligence for the injury they suffered in the house? Law: Tort is considered as legal wrong under which one person commit any wrongful conduct against another person. The usual remedy under tort is award of damages. The tort of negligence is the legal action which can be brought by a person towards whom defendant owned a duty of care. Liability of defendant arises in the situation when duty to take care exists and breach of such duty results in damages. Tort of negligence includes three elements, and for making claim under tort of negligence plaintiff must prove these elements: The duty of care- Defendant must owned duty of care towards the plaintiff. Duty of care is considered as legal obligation for the purpose of avoiding causing harm and it exists in the situation when harm is reasonably foreseeable in nature in case care is not taken[1]. For the purpose of duty of care to be exists there must be sufficient relationship of closeness must be present between the two people Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 AC 562[2]. This can be understood through example, relationship between road user and driver and relationship between doctor and patient. Case law is considered as important case for understanding the duty of care. In this case, Lord Atkin states the general principle in context of tort of negligence. Individual must take care to avoid any such act or omission which they can reasonably foreseeable would cause injury to their neighbor. For this purpose, neighbor was the person who directly affected by the act of the individual and those also who individual reasonably thought to have them in observation as being so affected when individual direct their mind to acts or omissions which were called into question. This statement introduces two tests, foreseeability test and the proximity test. Proximity stands for closeness, which means whether person is closely or directly affected is known as the proximity test. In other words, plaintiff and defendant must have some level of closeness and such closeness must be the result of their relationship. On the other hand, foreseeability test includes those acts or omissions which can reasonably foresee. This test states that individual was under obligation to avoid any such act or omission which causes injury to another person and such injury was reasonably foresee. This can be understood through case law Chapman v Hearse (1961) 106 CLR 112.[3] Breach of duty- another element includes the breach of duty of care owned by defendant. In this Court consider whether such duty of care is breached by the defendant. For this purpose, Court considers the standard of care expected in those situations from the defendant. Court determines the standard of care by considering the actions of any other reasonable person in the similar situation. This can be understood through case law Vaughan v Menlove (1837) 3 Bing NC 467[4]. In this case, Court held that best judgment taken by defendant was not enough, and he must judge by the standard of any reasonable man. Breach of duty causes damage- there are number of cases in which it is easy to determine the reason which cause injury, such as if any individual breaks his back by slipping on the wet floor then there is clear connection between the wet floor and injury suffered by individual. However, in some cases it is difficult to determine the action which caused injury. This can be understood through case law Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428[5]. In this case, court held that hospital was not liable because of the failure of the doctor to examine the patient which causes death of the patient. Remoteness of damages- this states that liability of the defendant arises only in those situations when any such loss occurred which was foreseeable in nature. This can be understood with the help of the case law The Wagon Mound no 1 [1961] AC 388 House of Lords.[6] [7] Application: In the present case, Brian and Ros can take action under tort of negligence against the Michael and Belinda, because they booth own duty of care towards the rented couple in their house. In this case all the elements of negligence are satisfied: Both Michael and Belinda owns duty of care towards the Brian and Ros because both the test are satisfied in this case foreseeability test and the proximity test. Under proximity test, Brian and Ros closely or directly affected from the actions of Michael and Belinda. On the other hand, while allowing the design of stairs foreseeability test is applied and under this test individual is under obligation to avoid any such act or omission which causes injury to another person and such injury was reasonably foresee. In this case, injury was foreseeable in nature. They also failed in foresee the harm related to power board. Both, Michael and Belinda fail in ensuring the reasonable standard of care while approving the design of the staircase and also in case of power board. Therefore, they breach the duty they owned towards the Brian and Ros. Breach of duty also causes damages to the brain and Ros, as Brain suffered burn on her harm because of explosion of Power board, and Brian suffered that much injury by failing from the stairs. In this case, both the situations are foreseeable in nature. Therefore, damages are remote. It can be said that both Michael and Belinda are liable for breach of duty of care towards the Brian and Ros. Conclusion: After considering the above facts, it can be said that Brain and can take actions against the Michael and Belinda for tort of negligence. Answer 2 Issue: Whether Eon Financial Services own any duty of Care towards Paul? Law: Tort of negligence is considered as legal action which can be taken by person against another person if such another person owned duty of care towards the former person. Liability arises in the situation when duty of care exists and such breach of duty cause damage to the plaintiff. In case law Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 AC 562, Mrs. Donoghue and her friend went to the caf and her friend purchased bottle of ginger beer for Mrs. Donoghue. This bottle was sealed and it was not possible to inspect the contents of the bottle. Later, Mrs. Donoghue find decomposed snail in the bottle of ginger beer because of which she suffered gastroenteritis and nervous shock. She bought action against the manufacturer of the ginger beer. In this case, Court considers the relationship in following manner: Steveson, manufacturer of the beer sold beer to the shopkeeper. In this contract exists and remedies were available in the law for breach of the terms of contract. Shopkeeper sold bottle of ginger beer to the friend of Mrs. Donoghue. In this also contract exists. Friend of Mrs. Donoghue gift bottle of ginger beer to Mrs. Donoghue There was no contract, and no remedies are available. In this case, Court held that Mrs. Donoghue can bring action against the manufacturer under tort of negligence. In this case, Lord Atkin states the general principle in context of tort of negligence. Individual must take care to avoid any such act or omission which they can reasonably foreseeable would cause injury to their neighbor. For this purpose, neighbor was the person who directly affected by the act of the individual and those also who individual reasonably thought to have them in observation as being so affected when individual direct their mind to acts or omissions which were called into question. This statement introduces two tests, foreseeability test and the proximity test. Proximity stands for closeness, which means whether person is closely or directly affected is known as the proximity test. In other words, plaintiff and defendant must have some level of closeness and such closeness must be the result of their relationship[8]. Application: In this case, Paul can take action against the Eon financial services under tort of negligence because in case of Donoghue v Stevenson court stated individual must take care to avoid any such act or omission which they can reasonably foreseeable would cause injury to their neighbor. For this purpose, neighbor was the person who directly affected by the act of the individual and those also who individual reasonably thought to have them in observation as being so affected when individual direct their mind to acts or omissions which were called into question. In this case also, Paul is the neighbor of Eon financial services because he directly affected from the advice of Eon. Therefore, Paul can take action against the Eon. Conclusion: Eon financial services is liable to pay damages to the Paul for losses suffered by paul from the advice of Eon. BIBLIOGRAPHY Websites Legal services Commission, Negligence, https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch01s05.php?, accessed on 11th January 2018. Law Vision, The Law of Torts, https://www.lawvision.com.au/uploads/PDFs/Tort%20Law%20.pdf, Accessed on 11th January 2018. Fandon, Donoghue v Stevenson, https://casebrief.wikia.com/wiki/Donoghue_v_Stevenson, Accessed on 11th January 2018. Case law Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 AC 562. Chapman v Hearse (1961) 106 CLR 112. Vaughan v Menlove (1837) 3 Bing NC 467. Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428. The Wagon Mound no 1 [1961] AC 388 House of Lords. [1] Legal services Commission, Negligence, https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch01s05.php?, accessed on 11th January 2018. [2] Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 AC 562. [3] Chapman v Hearse (1961) 106 CLR 112. [4] Vaughan v Menlove (1837) 3 Bing NC 467. [5] Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428. [6] The Wagon Mound no 1 [1961] AC 388 House of Lords. [7] Law Vision, The Law of Torts, https://www.lawvision.com.au/uploads/PDFs/Tort%20Law%20.pdf, Accessed on 11th January 2018. [8] Fandon, Donoghue v Stevenson, https://casebrief.wikia.com/wiki/Donoghue_v_Stevenson, Accessed on 11th January 2018.